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ISC English Poem - The Darkling Thrush by Thomas Hardy Summary Line by Line

The Darkling Thrush: Line by Line Explanation First Stanza I leant upon a coppice gate When Frost was spectre-grey, And Winter’s dregs made desolate The weakening eye of day. The poet paints a somber picture of the world. The mood feels lonely and meditative, the speaker watching as a silent bystander leaning upon the coppice gate — a gate that opens onto the woods. In his loneliness, the poet has  personified  Winter and Frost. Frost is described as ‘ specter – grey’  or ghost-like grey. The Winter’s dregs — the fallen snow and heavy fog — are making the twilight/ dusk ( the weakening eye of day)  look desolate. So, as you can see, the Winter and the Frost are bleak company — they cannot arouse any sense of cheerfulness. The tangled bine-stems scored the sky Like strings of broken lyres, And all mankind that haunted nigh Had sought their household fires Climbing plants, dead for winter, have left behind only their climbing stems or...
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ISC English Literature - B. Wordsworth by V.S. Naipul Summary

In B. Wordsworth by V. S. Naipaul we have the theme of admiration, identity, curiosity, friendship, control, freedom, uncertainty and coming of age. Narrated in the first person by an unnamed male the story is a memory piece and after reading the story the reader realises that Naipaul may be exploring the theme of admiration. If anything the narrator appears to admire Wordsworth though the reality may be that Wordsworth may not necessarily be who he says he is. He suggests that he is writing a poem that will be the greatest poem in the world however as the story progresses Wordsworth admits to the narrator that there is no poem. However it might also be significant that Wordsworth denies the story about the girl poet as the reality may be the girl poet may have been Wordsworth’s wife and the sudden loss of her is something that Wordsworth may have never overcome. Wordsworth was a young man at the time and had the future in front of him. However his life appears to have become one of ...

ISC English Literature - The Sound Machine by Roald Dahl Summary

In The Sound Machine by Roald Dahl we have the theme of obsession, instability, fear and dedication. Taken from his The Complete Short Stories collection the story is narrated in the third person by an unnamed narrator and after reading the story the reader realises that Dahl may be exploring the theme of obsession. Klausner spends his entire time with his sound machine. What first starts out as an innocent experiment that excites Klausner becomes something which Klausner obsesses over. It is also interesting that Mrs Saunders is at a loss when it comes to what Klausner might be doing and if anything she begins to feel afraid. This may be important as it highlights the distance that exists between Mrs Saunders and Klausner. Ironically they are next door neighbours but would not be similar or close when it comes to their lifestyles. Klausner has an unusual lifestyle in which his life appears to be dedicated to the sound machine. At no stage in the story does Dahl give the reader an in...

ISC English Literature - The Singing Lesson by Katherine Mansfield Summary

In The Singing Lesson by Katherine Mansfield we have the theme of despair, sadness, reliance, appearance, desperation and happiness. Taken from her The Garden Party and Other Stories collection the story is narrated in the third person by an unnamed narrator and from the opening line of the story it becomes clear to the reader that Mansfield is exploring the theme of despair. Mansfield opens the story with the line ‘With despair – cold, sharp despair – buried deep in her heart like a knife.’ This line is significant as it not only sets the tone for the story but through Mansfield’s language usage (cold, sharp, knife) the reader also gets a sense of how deeply affected Miss Meadows is after she has read Basil’s letter. It may also be important that Mansfield tells the reader that Miss Meadows ‘trod the cold corridors.’ It is possible that Mansfield is using the setting of the school (the cold corridor) to reflect how Miss Meadows is feeling. This sense of coldness is further explored ...

ISC English Literature - The Gorilla in the Guest Room by Gerald Durell Summary

In A Gorilla in the Guest Room by Gerald Durrell we have the theme of trust, fear, anxiety, connection, control, equality, freedom and responsibility. Narrated in the first person by Durrell himself the reader realises after reading the story that Durrell may be exploring the theme of trust. N’Pongo unlike Nandy trusts Durrell and if anything is affectionate towards him. He has lived most of his life with Durrell and as such knows that he can trust him. That Durrell is not an enemy. Unfortunately the same cannot be said about Nandy who is slower to trust either Durrell or N’Pongo due to her previous engagements with human beings (and possibly with other gorillas). She has suffered at the hands of those who may have captured her hence the scar that runs across her scalp. This may be important as Durrell may be using the scar to highlight to the reader the fact that some animals who have been captured by humans may not necessarily have had pleasant experiences with their captors. Howev...

ISC English Literature - The Chinese Statue by Jeffrey Archer Summary

In The Chinese Statue by Jeffrey Archer we have the theme of tradition, selfishness, pride, greed, sacrifice and appearance. Taken from his A Quiver Full of Arrows collection the story is narrated in the first person by an unnamed narrator and after reading the story the reader realises that Archer may be exploring the theme of tradition. Sir Heathcote on purchasing the stature and its base makes a point of ensuring that on his passing the statute and base should go directly to his first born male and subsequently their first born male. This is a tradition that is carried on till Alex receives the statue and for him it holds no value apart from the value he can get from selling it to pay off some of his gambling debts. It is also interesting that some critics might suggest that Alex is the least deserving of the Heathcotes to inherit the statue. He is a selfish young man who likes to live a life filled with gambling. Of all the Heathcote’s he makes no contribution to society and only...

ISC English Literature -The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Summary

In The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin we have the theme of freedom, independence, marriage and identity. Set in the 1890s the story is narrated in the third person by an unnamed narrator and after first reading the story the reader realises that Chopin is using a lot of symbolism. Though Mrs Mallard has a heart condition (weak heart) it is possible that Chopin is also using this condition as symbolism for Mrs Mallard’s marriage. Typically the heart is used to symbolise love and at no stage in the story does the reader sense that Mrs Mallard is actually in love (or happy) in her marriage to her husband, Brently. Though the reader does not doubt that Mrs Mallard’s grief is genuine, it is interesting that Chopin tells the reader that Mrs Mallard ‘she had loved him – sometimes. Often she had not.’ This line is significant as it can suggest that just as Mrs Mallard has a weak heart, it is possible that there is a weakness or lack of love within Mrs Mallard’s marriage too. ...